Never Being Able to Say You’re Sorry: Barriers to Apology By Leaders in Group Conflicts

Conner and Jordan discuss three implications of the foregoing analysis for leaders, peacemakers, and scholars interested in apology as an instrument to advance justice, prevent destructive conflict, and promote cooperation. First, an effective apology is likely to occur only after other changes have softened up negative attitudes between the groups--referred to here as ripeness. Second, even with a degree of ripeness, apology is unlikely without a window of opportunity, a confluence of circumstances that permits the leader to limit the scope of the apology so as not to concede too much. Third, even if these conditions are satisfied, words alone are not enough for an apology to be effective

Never Being Able to Say You’re Sorry: Barriers to Apology By Leaders in Group Conflicts

Conner and Jordan discuss three implications of the foregoing analysis for leaders, peacemakers, and scholars interested in apology as an instrument to advance justice, prevent destructive conflict, and promote cooperation. First, an effective apology is likely to occur only after other changes have softened up negative attitudes between the groups--referred to here as ripeness. Second, even with a degree of ripeness, apology is unlikely without a window of opportunity, a confluence of circumstances that permits the leader to limit the scope of the apology so as not to concede too much. Third, even if these conditions are satisfied, words alone are not enough for an apology to be effective

Comparison of the performance of students with learning disabilities in inclusive classrooms and in pull-out special education programs

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between placement in inclusive and pull-out special education programs and academic and behavior outcomes for students with learning disabilities. Demographic data such as age, gender, ethnicity, socio-economic status, IQ, education level of the mother, years receiving special education services, and years in the school district established comparability of two groups of middle school students. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to describe two schools and their special education service delivery models, one inclusive and the other pull-out. IEP goals and objectives, classroom accommodations, and teacher collaboration were examined to provide functional definitions of the models. Results indicated that the two programs differed significantly. Further, students with learning disabilities served in inclusive classrooms earned higher grades, achieved higher or comparable scores on standardized tests, committed no more behavioral infractions, and attended more days of schools than students with learning disabilities served in pull-out special education programs

STUDENT AND PROFESSIONAL PERCEPTIONS OF CPA EVOLUTION

The Uniform Certified Public Accountant (CPA) Examination is the professional exam administered to individuals who wish to become a licensed CPA. The CPA Exam is comprised of four sections: Auditing and Attestation (AUD), Business Environment and Concepts (BEC), Financial Accounting and Reporting (FAR), and Regulation (REG). However, rapidly changing skills and competencies required in the modern practice of accounting have led the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA) Board of Directors and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) Governing Council to adopt the CPA Evolution initiative. Through this initiative, NASBA and AICPA will develop a new core + discipline licensure model and implement a new CPA Exam in January 2024. The CPA core + discipline licensure model will be comprised of three of the former sections, AUD, FAR, and REG, as well as the option to choose one of the following disciplines: Tax Compliance and Planning, Business Analysis and Reporting, or Information Systems and Controls. The purpose of this study is to better understand student and professional perceptions of the CPA Evolution initiative. We aim to understand which disciplines are a better fit for specific career paths including audit, tax, and consulting and whether a certain discipline will make the CPA more marketable to firms and corporations in various industries. Additionally, we will investigate the advantages of technology integration into the CPA Evolution core + discipline model including what CPAs should know about accounting technologies and what portion of this knowledge should be taught in undergraduate and graduate accounting programs versus in the field. Our study also examines whether the changes made to the CPA Exam will change perceptions of the difficulty of the exam and thus change individuals’ willingness or desire to take the CPA Exam. We also aim to understand student and professional perceptions of significant accounting changes facing the accounting industry and technical and soft skills desired by employers who aim to hire CPAs

Individual Differences in Temperament and Cognitive Biases in Middle Childhood: Vulnerability to Internalizing Psychopathology

A multi-trait multi-method study was conducted exploring associations between individual differences in child temperament and cognitive vulnerability for depression and anxiety. Two-hundred and five 7-year-old children and their parents participated. Low positive emotionality and high negative emotionality predicted a depressogenic attributional style as well as attentional biases for positive and sad stimuli. Individual differences in child fearfulness were also associated with attentional biases to threat-related information. Associations between child cognitive vulnerability and parental history of depression and anxiety were also explored, as well as associations between child internalizing symptoms and (1) child temperament and (2) cognitive vulnerability. Paternal, but not maternal depression, was associated with child cognitive vulnerability for depression. Child current symptoms of depression and anxiety were related to both individual differences in child temperament and markers of cognitive vulnerability for depression and anxiety

Datalog for Non-Profit Demographic Analysis

Datalog is a useful tool in organizing data. With it, we can achieve a better in-depth analysis on how the FIT program is performing. What is F.I.T.? FIT, the Foundation for an Independent Tomorrow, is a non-profit organization that provides resources and training for those who want employment

Symmetric chain decomposition for cyclic quotients of Boolean algebras and relation to cyclic crystals

The quotient of a Boolean algebra by a cyclic group is proven to have a symmetric chain decomposition. This generalizes earlier work of Griggs, Killian and Savage on the case of prime order, giving an explicit construction for any order, prime or composite. The combinatorial map specifying how to proceed downward in a symmetric chain is shown to be a natural cyclic analogue of the $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ lowering operator in the theory of crystal bases.Comment: minor revisions; to appear in IMR

Tyrosine phosphorylation modulates cell surface expression of chloride cotransporters NKCC2 and KCC3

Introduction: Cellular chloride transport has a fundamental role in cell volume regulation and membrane potential, both in normal and tumour cells (1,2). Cellular chloride entry or exit are mediated at the plasma membrane by cotransporter proteins of the solute carrier 12 family. For example, NKCC2 resorbs chloride with sodium and potassium ions at the apical membrane of epithelial cells in the kidney, whereas KCC3 releases chloride with potassium ions at the basolateral membrane. Their ion transport activity is regulated by protein phosphorylation in response to signaling pathways. An additional regulatory mechanism concerns the amount of cotransporter molecules inserted into the plasma membrane. Experimental: Co-transporter constructs were transfected into HEK293 cells and the activity of SYK kinase modulated by incubation with SYK inhibitors or by co-transfection with siRNAs, kinase-dead, or constitutively active SYK mutants. Co-transporter abundance in the plasma membrane was analyzed by biotinylation of cell surface proteins. Results: Here we describe that tyrosine phosphorylation of NKCC2 and KCC3 regulates their plasma membrane expression levels. We identified that spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) phosphorylates a specific N-terminal tyrosine residue in each cotransporter. Experimental depletion of endogenous SYK or pharmacological inhibition of its kinase activity increased the abundance of NKCC2 at the plasma membrane of human embryonic kidney cells. In contrast, overexpression of a constitutively active SYK mutant decreased NKCC2 membrane abundance. Intriguingly, the same experimental approaches revealed the opposite effect on KCC3 abundance at the plasma membrane, compatible with the known antagonistic roles of NKCC and KCC cotransporters in cell volume regulation. Conclusions: We identified a novel pathway modulating the cell surface expression of NKCC2 and KCC3 and show that this same pathway has opposite functional outcomes for these two cotransporters. The findings have several biomedical implications considering the role of these cotransporters in regulating blood pressure and cell volume.Funding: UID/MULTI/04046/2019 (BioISI); PTDC/BIA-CEL/28408/2017; Fellowship SFRH/BD/52488/2014 to CAL.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A Meta-Analysis of Procedures to Change Implicit Measures

Using a novel technique known as network meta-analysis, we synthesized evidence from 492 studies (87,418 participants) to investigate the effectiveness of procedures in changing implicit measures, which we define as response biases on implicit tasks. We also evaluated these procedures’ effects on explicit and behavioral measures. We found that implicit measures can be changed, but effects are often relatively weak (|ds| \u3c .30). Most studies focused on producing short-term changes with brief, single-session manipulations. Procedures that associate sets of concepts, invoke goals or motivations, or tax mental resources changed implicit measures the most, whereas procedures that induced threat, affirmation, or specific moods/emotions changed implicit measures the least. Bias tests suggested that implicit effects could be inflated relative to their true population values. Procedures changed explicit measures less consistently and to a smaller degree than implicit measures and generally produced trivial changes in behavior. Finally, changes in implicit measures did not mediate changes in explicit measures or behavior. Our findings suggest that changes in implicit measures are possible, but those changes do not necessarily translate into changes in explicit measures or behavior